Reply to Ciavarella and Ritter

Manuel Frondel , Nolan Ritter , and Christoph

This article demonstrates that the large feed-in tariffs currently guaranteed for solar electricity in Germany constitute a subsidization regime that, if extended to 2020, threatens to reach a level comparable to that of German hard coal production, a notoriously outstanding example of misguided political intervention. Yet, as a consequence of the coexistence of the German Renewable Energy Sour...

The Authors’ Reply

The University of Toledo Ritter Astrophysical Research

1. PERSONNEL During the report period, Pierini left to take up a position at the Max-Planck-Inst. für Extraterrestrische Physik ~Garching, Germany!. Lerothodi Leeuw joined the Center as a postdoctoral research associate working with Witt. Miroshnichenko was promoted to Research Assistant Professor. K. Bjorkman was promoted to Professor and was on sabbatical leave during academic year 2002–2003....

Intervention of phenonium ion in Ritter reactions.

The transformation of phenylethyl chloride to 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines is shown to proceed via phenonium ion. The evidence comes from a study of dideuterated analogue 4, and the monomethylated and dimethylated compounds 2 and 3.

The Authors’ Reply